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1 hard radiation
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2 radiation hard emulating computer
Engineering: RHECУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > radiation hard emulating computer
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3 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS -
4 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский словарь по машиностроению > жесткое излучение
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5 жёсткое излучение
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6 жорстке випромінювання
Українсько-англійський словник з аналітичної хімії > жорстке випромінювання
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7 sert aşınım
hard radiation -
8 radiasi keras
hard radiation -
9 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > жесткое излучение
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10 kova säteily
• hard radiation -
11 жесткое излучение
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12 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский словарь по пищевой промышленности > жесткое излучение
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13 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский словарь по электроэнергетике > жесткое излучение
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14 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский синонимический словарь > жесткое излучение
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15 жесткое излучение
[lang name="Russian"]измеритель излучения; приёмник излучения — radiation meter
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16 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > жесткое излучение
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17 жесткое излучение
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > жесткое излучение
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18 жёсткое излучение
жёсткое излучение
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[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > жёсткое излучение
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19 жёсткое излучение
hard radiation, penetrating radiation, high-energy radiation -
20 жесткое излучение
См. также в других словарях:
Hard radiation — is a term used to describe high energy electromagnetic radiation, typically high energy X rays or gamma rays. The term refers to the ability of the rays to penetrate a given thickness of material, typically a lead shield.Hard radiation is able to … Wikipedia
hard radiation — noun The more penetrating types of X rays, beta rays and gamma rays • • • Main Entry: ↑hard … Useful english dictionary
hard radiation — kietoji spinduliuotė statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. hard radiation; hard rays; penetrating radiation vok. durchdringende Strahlung, f; energiereiche Strahlung, f; harte Strahlung, f rus. жёсткие лучи, m; жёсткое излучение, n;… … Fizikos terminų žodynas
hard radiation — /ˌhad reɪdiˈeɪʃən/ (say .hahd raydee ayshuhn) noun ionising radiation of relatively short wavelength and high penetrating power …
hard rays — kietoji spinduliuotė statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. hard radiation; hard rays; penetrating radiation vok. durchdringende Strahlung, f; energiereiche Strahlung, f; harte Strahlung, f rus. жёсткие лучи, m; жёсткое излучение, n;… … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Radiation hardening — is a method of designing and testing electronic components and systems to make them resistant to damage or malfunctions caused by ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high energy electromagnetic radiation),[1] such as would be encountered… … Wikipedia
Radiation hormesis — (also called Radiation homeostasis) is the hypothesis that chronic low doses of ionizing radiation are beneficial, stimulating repair mechanisms that protect against disease.Cite journal doi = 10.1038/421691a issn = 0028 0836 volume = 421 issue … Wikipedia
Radiation damage — is a term associated with ionizing radiation.CausesThis radiation may take several forms: *Cosmic rays and subsequent energetic particles caused by their collision with the atmosphere and other materials. *Radioactive daughter products… … Wikipedia
hard rays — hard rays, radiation of relatively short wave length and power, such as hard X rays … Useful english dictionary
radiation — radiational, adj. /ray dee ay sheuhn/, n. 1. Physics. a. the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves. b. the complete process in which energy is emitted by one body, transmitted through an intervening medium or space, and… … Universalium
radiation-hard CMOS — jungtinis švitinimui atsparus MOP darinys statusas T sritis radioelektronika atitikmenys: angl. radiation hard CMOS; radiation hard CMOS structure vok. strahlungsfeste CMOS Struktur, f; strahlungsfeste komplementäre MOS Struktur, f rus.… … Radioelektronikos terminų žodynas